Microarray analysis of the genes associated with osteitis in chronic rhinosinusitis.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Although numerous studies have examined epithelial remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), bone remodeling (osteitis) has only recently gained attention as a potential significant contributor to the pathophysiology of recalcitrant CRS. The purpose of this study was to compare gene expression profiles between osteitic bone and the adjacent diseased mucosa in patients with CRS to determine which genes affect mucosal and bony remodeling. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental analysis. METHODS Samples were obtained from sites of osteitic bone and overlying mucosa in CRS patients demonstrating osteitis on computed tomography and compared to healthy controls. The entire transcripted gene expression profile was determined by microarray following RNA isolation and compared between tissue samples. The expression differences were verified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Growth differentiation factor 5 and exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 were significantly upregulated and positively correlated with mucosal eosinophilic inflammation in osteitic bone. Fibroblast growth factor was significantly increased in osteitic bone. Additionally, colony stimulating factor was positively correlated with the degree of osteitis. CONCLUSIONS These findings will add a new perspective to our current understanding of the recalcitrant CRS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 127:E85-E90, 2017.